Overview Jupiter

It is still unclear if deeper down, Jupiter has a central core of solid material or if it may be a thick, super-hot and dense soup. It could be up to 90,032 degrees Fahrenheit down there, made mostly of iron and silicate minerals . The volcanoes on the moon Io emit large amounts of sulfur dioxide, forming a gas torus along the moon’s orbit. The gas is ionized in Jupiter’s magnetosphere, producing sulfur and oxygen ions. They, together with hydrogen ions originating from the atmosphere of Jupiter, form a plasma sheet in Jupiter’s equatorial plane. The plasma in the sheet co-rotates with the planet, causing deformation of the dipole magnetic field into that of a magnetodisk.

This is also consistent with the etymology of Summanus, deriving from sub and mane . Polar Cyclones Juno previously discovered polygonal arrangements of giant cyclonic storms at both of Jupiter’s poles – eight arranged in an octagonal pattern in the north and five arranged in a pentagonal pattern in the south. Over time, mission scientists determined these atmospheric phenomena are extremely resilient, remaining in the same location.

Jupiter Facts

But some of Jupiter’s moons have oceans beneath their crusts that might support life. 1566 Jupiter Dr has been listed on Redfin for 33 days since October 07, 2022. By providing this information, Redfin and its agents are not providing advice or guidance on flood risk, flood insurance, or other climate risks. Redfin strongly recommends that consumers independently investigate the property’s climate risks to their own personal satisfaction. School service boundaries are intended to be used as a reference only; they may change and are not guaranteed to be accurate.

Gravity pulled swirling gas and dust and resulted in the creation of Jupiter. Sometime around 4 billion years ago Jupiter settled in its current position in the outer solar system. The combination of the powerful magnetic field and the charged particles in the plasma torus creates the brightest auroras in the solar system. Since many cultures observed Jupiter, they all gave it different names but the Roman name remained used in the majority of cultures. Jupiter is named after the principal Roman god, the equivalent of the Greek god Zeus.

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Jovian theology

The eccentricity of their orbits causes regular flexing of the three moons’ shapes, with Jupiter’s gravity stretching them out as they approach it and allowing them to spring back to more spherical shapes as they swing away. The friction created by this tidal flexing generates heat in the interior of the moons. This is seen most dramatically in the volcanic activity of Io , and to a lesser degree in the geological youth of Europa’s surface, which indicates recent resurfacing of the moon’s exterior. Jupiter has been visited by automated spacecraft since 1973, when the space probe Pioneer 10 passed close enough to Jupiter to send back revelations about its properties and phenomena. Missions to Jupiter are accomplished at a cost in energy, which is described by the net change in velocity of the spacecraft, or delta-v. Entering a Hohmann transfer orbit from Earth to Jupiter from low Earth orbit requires a delta-v of 6.3 km/s, which is comparable to the 9.7 km/s delta-v needed to reach low Earth orbit.

Having formed at one of these extreme distances, Jupiter would then have migrated inwards to its current location. This inward migration would have occurred over a roughly 700,000-year time period, during an epoch approximately 2–3 million years after the planet began to form. In this model, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune would have formed even further out than Jupiter, and Saturn would also have migrated inwards. Below Jupiter’s massive atmosphere , there are layers of compressed hydrogen gas, liquid metallic hydrogen, and a core of ice, rock, and metals.

Electrons within the plasma sheet generate a strong radio signature, with short, superimposed bursts in the range of 0.6–30MHz that are detectable from Earth with consumer-grade shortwave radio receivers. As Io moves through this torus, the interaction generates Alfvén waves that carry ionized matter into the polar regions of Jupiter. As a result, radio waves are generated through a cyclotron maser mechanism, and the energy is transmitted out along a cone-shaped surface. When Earth intersects this cone, the radio emissions from Jupiter can exceed the radio output of the Sun.

Every time the Flaminica saw a lightning bolt or heard a clap of thunder (Jupiter’s distinctive instrument), she was prohibited from carrying on with her normal routine until she placated the god. His identifying implement is the thunderbolt and his primary sacred animal is the eagle, which held precedence over other birds in the taking of auspices and became one of the most common symbols of the Roman army . The two emblems were often combined to represent the god in the form of an eagle holding in its claws a thunderbolt, frequently seen on Greek and Roman coins. As the sky-god, he was a divine witness to oaths, the sacred trust on which justice and good government depend. Many of his functions were focused on the Capitoline Hill, where the citadel was located.

• The impacts were closely observed by observatories around the world, including the Hubble Space Telescope and Galileo spacecraft.
• Below Jupiter’s massive atmosphere , there are layers of compressed hydrogen gas, liquid metallic hydrogen, and a core of ice, rock, and metals.
• Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.
• For example, Jupiter experiences about 200 times more asteroid and comet impacts than Earth.
• On the Ides, a white lamb was led along Rome’s Sacred Way to the Capitoline Citadel and sacrificed to him.

Victoria was connected to Iuppiter Victor in his role as bestower of military victory. Jupiter, as a sovereign god, was considered as having the power to conquer anyone and anything in a supernatural way; his contribution to military victory was different from that of Mars . Victoria appears first on the reverse of coins representing Venus during the first Punic War. Saturn reigned in Latium during a mythical Golden Age reenacted every year at the festival of Saturnalia. Georg Wissowa stressed Jupiter’s uniqueness as the only case among Indo-European religions in which the original god preserved his name, his identity and his prerogatives.

Io is composed primarily of silicate rock that surrounds a molten iron core. The materials produced by Io’s volcanism make up its thin atmosphere, and result in the large plasma torus around Jupiter. Jupiter has both regular moons and irregular moons with further sub-divisions. It is the fifth most distant from the Sun with an average distance of about 5.2 AU.

Storms are common on What is Jupiter, some are small and last hours while others are huge and last for centuries. Wind speeds of 100 m/s – 360 km/h are common on certain parts of the planet. The fact that Jupiter is related to the concept of youth is shown by his epithets Puer, Iuuentus and Ioviste (interpreted as “the youngest” by some scholars). Dumézil noted the presence of the two minor sovereign deities Bagha and Aryaman beside the Vedic sovereign gods Varuna and Mitra ; the couple would be reflected in Rome by Terminus and Iuventas. The function of Iuventas is to protect the iuvenes and the Roman soldiers . King Servius Tullius, in reforming the Roman social organisation, required that every adolescent offer a coin to the goddess of youth upon entering adulthood.

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Wissowa argued that while Jupiter is the god of the Fides Publica Populi Romani as Iuppiter Lapis , Dius Fidius is a deity established for everyday use and was charged with the protection of good faith in private affairs. The association with Jupiter may be a matter of divine relation; some scholars see him as a form of Hercules. Both Jupiter and Dius Fidius were wardens of oaths and wielders of lightning bolts; both required an opening in the roof of their temples. Older forms of the deity’s name in Rome were Dieus-pater (“day/sky-father”), then Diéspiter. The terms are similar in etymology and semantics (dies, “daylight” and Dius, “daytime sky”), but differ linguistically.

This resonance causes the gravitational effects of the three large moons to distort their orbits into elliptical shapes, because each moon receives an extra tug from its neighbours at the same point in every orbit it makes. The tidal force from https://cryptolisting.org/, on the other hand, works to circularise their orbits. The first spacecraft to orbit Jupiter was the Galileo mission, which reached the planet on December 7, 1995.

The silex was the stone used for the fetial sacrifice, housed in the Temple of Iuppiter Feretrius, as was their sceptre. Sacred herbs , sometimes identified as vervain, had to be taken from the nearby citadel for their ritual use. The augures publici, augurs were a college of sacerdotes who were in charge of all inaugurations and of the performing of ceremonies known as auguria. They were considered the only official interpreters of Jupiter’s will, thence they were essential to the very existence of the Roman State as Romans saw in Jupiter the only source of state authority.

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It also contains much smaller amounts of other gases, such as ammonia, methane and water. Out of the 79 satellites, 63 are less than 10 km / 6.2 mi in diameter, and have only been observed since 1975. The Galilean moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are large enough to be seen from Earth with binoculars. They are among the largest satellites discovered in the Solar System with Ganymede being the largest out of all the satellites in our solar system.

More than 100 mountains are uplifted by extensive compression at the base of Io’s silicate crust. Some of these peaks are taller than Mount Everest, the highest point on Earth’s surface. This makes Jupiter’s magnetic field the strongest in the Solar System, with the exception of some phenomenon named “sunspots”, that occur on the Sun that are even stronger.

The question of the lamb’s gender is unresolved; while a sacrificial lamb for a male deity was usually male, for the vintage-opening festival the flamen Dialis sacrificed a ewe lamb to Jupiter. This rule seems to have had many exceptions, as the sacrifice of a ram on the Nundinae by the flaminica Dialis demonstrates. During one of the crises of the Punic Wars, Jupiter was offered every animal born that year.

The king attempted to perform it, but since he executed the rite improperly the god threw a lightning bolt which burned down the king’s house and killed Tullus. The office of Flamen Dialis was circumscribed by several unique ritual prohibitions, some of which shed light on the sovereign nature of the god himself. For instance, the flamen may remove his clothes or apex only when under a roof, in order to avoid showing himself naked to the sky—that is, “as if under the eyes of Jupiter” as god of the heavens.

Relation to other gods

Because of this, it has been observed since ancient times by many different cultures. A distinct feature of Jupiter is its Great Red Spot – a persistent high-pressure region in the atmosphere that produces an anticyclonic storm, the largest in the solar system. It has been observed since 1830, and it is active for hundreds of years.

Observations of the impacts of the fragmented nucleus of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter’s atmosphere in 1994 also yielded information about its composition and structure. Jupiter’s four largest moons – Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto – were first observed by the astronomer Galileo Galilei in 1610 using an early version of the telescope. These four moons are known today as the Galilean satellites, and they’re some of the most fascinating destinations in our solar system. Callisto’s very few small craters indicate a small degree of current surface activity.